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Slovene minority in Italy ((イタリア語:Minoranza slovena in Italia), (スロベニア語:Slovenska manjšina v Italiji)), also known as Slovenes in Italy ((イタリア語:Sloveni in Italia), (スロベニア語:Slovenci v Italiji)) is the name given to Italian citizens who belong to the autochthonous Slovene ethnic and linguistic minority living in the Italian autonomous region of Friuli – Venezia Giulia. The vast majority of members of the Slovene ethnic minority live in the Provinces of Trieste, Gorizia, and Udine. Estimates of their number vary significantly; most figures speak of 83,000 to 100,000 people.〔Zupančič, Jernej (author), Orožen Adamič, Milan (photographer), Filipič, Hanzi (photographer): ''Slovenci po svetu''. In publication: ''Nacionalni atlas Slovenije'' (Kartografsko gradivo) / Inštitut za geografijo, Geografski inštitut Antona Melika. Ljubljana: Rokus, 2001.〕 The Slovene minority in Italy enjoys legal protection of its collective rights, guaranteed by the Italian constitution and specific legislation, as well as by international treaties (especially the London Memorandum of 1954), and bilateral agreements initially stipulated first between Italy and Yugoslavia (especially the Treaty of Osimo of 1975), and since 1991 between Italy and Slovenia. Since 1945, the Slovenes in Italy have enjoyed partial cultural autonomy, including an education system in Slovene. They have a wide net of cultural and civic associations. The Slovene language is co-official in many of the municipalities with presence of the Slovene minority, and visual bilingualism is applied in most of the non-urban settlements with traditional Slovene presence. However, the implementation of these rights largely depends on the local administrations; thus, the situation varies significantly from area to area. Both Italy and Slovenia promote Slovene culture in Friuli–Venezia Giulia through subsidies for Slovene associations and organizations. == Name == The denomination “Slovenes in Italy” is preferred to “Italian Slovenes” or “Slovene Italians” due to historical reasons and reasons of identity. The Slovenes of the so-called Julian March or Venezia Giulia (the present-day Provinces of Trieste and Gorizia) have become Italian citizens only with the Treaty of Rapallo of 1920; between 1922 and 1943, they have been subjected to violent policies of Fascist Italianization. In the late 1920s and 1930s, many of them supported underground anti-Fascist groups, such as the militant irredentist organization TIGR; during World War II, large portions of the population militated in the Yugoslav partisan movement, and between 1945 and 1947, many of them actively supported the annexation to Yugoslavia. In the aftermath of World War II, their integration in the Italian state was slow and difficult: much of the anti-Slav Fascist legislation (for example, the forced Italianization of family names) remained valid, and in the context of the Cold War, the Slovene minority was regarded by many political parties, as well as by segments of State institutions, as a potential Yugoslav Trojan Horse. As a consequence, the identification of the Slovenes with the Italian State has been frequently weak. Many Slovenes in Italy, especially the elderly, refuse to identify themselves as Italians. Thus the term “Slovene Italians” is deemed inappropriate by most Slovenes in Italy. For these reasons, the term “Slovenes in Italy” has been used by Slovene minority organizations. After 1947, the term ''zamejski Slovenci'' (literally meaning “Slovenes beyond the Border”) started to be used by the Yugoslav press and institutions, especially in Slovenia. Initially, this term referred to all Slovene minorities residing outside Yugoslavia (besides the Slovenes in Italy, the Carinthian Slovenes and Hungarian Slovenes). This is still the way how the term is used by the institutions of the Slovenian State. However, since alternative terms exist for Slovene minorities in Austria and Hungary, the term ''zamejski Slovenci'' tends to be used mostly for the Slovenes in Italy. This term is often used also by the Slovenes in Italy themselves, and is considered a neutral and politically correct term. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Slovene minority in Italy」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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